John y



(No Model.)

J. V. GAPEK.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

No. 461,814. Patented 0013.211891'.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN V. CPEK, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of iLetters Patent No. 461,814, dated October 27, 1891.

Application tiled October 30, 1890. Serial No. 369.801. (No model.)

To a/ZZ wtom it may concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN V. OPEK, a citizen of the United States` residing at New York city, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electrical Heaters or Cooking Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical heaters, and especially to' that class of heaters employed for cooking purposes.

My object is to provide aheater which shall be of simple construct-ion and which shall be durable and of proper form and construction for the use to which it is applied; and the invention consists in the electrical heater and in the several combinations and features of construction hereinafter fully described, and specifically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrates the invention, Figure 1 is a plan View of the heater proper, portions thereof being broken away to show the internal construction. Fig. 2 is a central section of said heater. Fig. 3 shows a modified arrangement of -the heater-conductor, and Fig. 4E shows a crosssection of the heater in place in an inclosing vessel or oven.

The heating-conductor is preferably a narrow metal strip-for example, a strip of German silver of from one to three-sixteenths of an inch in width. Said conductor is wo und into the form of a volute or fiat spiral, the several turns being insulated from each other by a strip of insulating and heat-resisting material, such as prepared asbestus. The

conducting and insulating strips are wound around a disk, or preferably a metal ring, the surface of whichis insulated, said ring forming a core or support for the coil. In winding the conductor thereon that end of the conductor with which the winding is begun is allowed to project to one side of the ring, and when the coil is completed the opposite end of the conductor is bent and carried across one surface of the coil, but insulated therefrom, and is bent down through said ring. Both ends of the conductor are preferably connected with an enlarged brass or other metal contact-piece, as will b e hereinafter described.

In the drawings, 1 is the heating-conductor,

and 2 the insulating-strip wound with said conductor.

3 is the insulated ring, around which the conductor and strip are wound. The end 1 of the conductor 1 is brought up to the ring from below, the conductor being then bent and wound around the ring in a plane parallel with the ring until a sufficient quantity has been wound, when the end 1 is bent across the coil, as shown, and carried down through the ring.

a is a sheet or film of insulating material placed over the coil. A similar sheet or film is placed over the. opposite side of the coil. By this arrangement the top, bottom, and periphery of the heater are thoroughlyinsulated. If the insulating-strip used is wider than the conducting-strip, the conductor might be sufticiently insulated without the sheets just described. Around this insulated body I wind a wire of iron or other suitable metal, as indicated at 5, although in practice the turns' of the wire are only about one-eighth of an inch apart. I then place the body in a suitable mold and cast a casing of iron, brass, or other suitable material. around it in such manner as to cover and protect it. The object of ceiling the wire, as described, is to form a firm union between the insulating-body and the casing.

To obviate the formation of air-holes in the casting, the conductor is previously heated, preferably by sending a current through it,

whereby the air is expelled. Such heatingwill have the further advantage that it will make it possible to cast the metal at a slightly lower temperature than would otherwise be the case, so that the ldanger of melting the conductor during the operation is avoided. The casting is preferably made with a raised rim or edge 6, and also with a projecting part 7, which may be tubular and screw-threaded on its outer surface. It will be seen that the casting fills the space formed by the ring 3, as clearly shown at 3. Around the conductors in this tubular extension is placed a suitable insulating material.

In Fig. 4. the heater is shown in place in condition for use. On the casting of the heater is a vessel 8, within the larger vessel or oven 9, said oven preferably having double IOO walls, with intermediate non-heat-conducting material, and having a cover similarly made and provided with an escape-valve 10 for steam. Vessel 8 in reality forms apermanent part of the heater, and an additional cup or vessel containing material to be heated may be placed wit-hin 8. The two walls of the oven are held in proper relative position by a ring 9. This ring also contines the nonconductor of heat in the annular space between the inner and outer walls. The tubular extension of the heater is provided with a washer 11, of metal or some material not inj ured by the degree of heat to which it will be subjected, which serves as a distancepiece to hold the heater above the bottom of the inclosing-chamber. On the extension outside of the inclosing wall is placed a washer 12, preferably of rubber, and a clamping-nut 13 for securing` the parts together. XVith this arrangement a water-tight joint is formed around the tubular extension. The oven is provided with projecting lugs 14, which serve as legs. The conductor of the heater may be connected to the circuit in any desired manner; but it is found convenient to arrange the circuit-terminals as indicated in Fig. 4, so that when the heater and oven are set in place the circuit will be automatically made.

15 are the circuit-terminals, and are so arranged that when the oven is put in place over said terminals they make contact with the two ends of the heating-conductor, as will be evident from the drawings.

16 is a switch for making and breaking the circuit independently of the heater.

In some cases it may be desirable to make heaters larger than they would be it' made by coiling a single conductor and insulatingstrip of the necessary length. To do this I coil with the conductor and said insulatingstrip one additional insulating-strip 2 and a copper strip 17, (which is entirely disconnected from the heating-conductor,) said copper strip serving not only to expand the heater, but as a heat-conveyer between the conductor of the heater and the casing.

In 'using the apparatus which I have described it is evident that one material to be cooked may be placed in the central vessel and a different material in the outer or inclosing vessel, and both will be simultaneously cooked bythe single heater,whicl1 heater forms a support for the inner vessel. A cock is shown for drawing waterfrom the outer vessel.

The arrangement of the heating-conductor which I have described--that is, the volute spiral formed of a conducting-strip-I consider very important, since it enables me to accommodate avery long conductor in a small compass, and it allows aquicker and simpler mode of winding than any other form.

It will be obvious that the apparatus may be varied in many details Without departing from my invention. The rim around the edge of the casting is not essential. This might be omitted and. a similar rim be made to project downward from the vessel S. So, too, the means for insulating the conductor may be different from that described; but

I'Vhat I claim is- A 1. The combination, in an electrical heater, of a heating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral, the several turns being separated and covered by insulating material, and an impervious casing therefor, substantially as described.

2. The combination, in an electrical heater, of a conductor in the form of a strip or ribbon wound in a volute spiral, the several turns being separated by insulating material, and a casing therefor, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in an electrical heater, of a heating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral, the severa-l turns being` separated and covered by insulating material, and a castmetal casing inclosing the insulated conductor, substantially as described.

4. The combination, in an'electrical heater, of the,heating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral wound on a central support, the several turns being separated and covered by insulating material, an impervious casing therefor, and conductor-terminalsl extending to the outside of the casing, substantially as described.

5. The combination of: an electrical heater, an oven inclosing the heater, and conductors extending from the heater through the walls of the oven and terminating in contact plates or blocks held in position to make contact with terminals of the su pply-circuit, substantially as described.

6. The combination, in an electrical heater, of a heating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral wound on an insulated metal ring, the several turns of the conductor being separated and covered by insulating material, a casing therefor, and conductor-terminals extending to the outside of the casing and held in position to cooperate with circuit-terminals, substantially as described.

'7. An electrical heater consisting of an insulated heating-conductor and an integral casing of cast metal inclosing the heater, substantially as described.

S. An electrical heater consisting of a heating-conductor, an insulating-strip Wound to form a volute spiral, and a casing of cast metal, substantially as described.

9. An electrical heater consisting of an insulated heating-conductor and an insulatingstrip wound to form a volute spiral, a Winding of wire over theinsulating material, and a casing of cast metal, substantially as described.

10. An electrical heater consisting of an insulated heating-conductor, a winding of wire over the same, and a casing of cast metal, substantially as described.

11. An electrical heater consisting of aheating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral ICO IIO

and a casing of cast metal having a tubular extension, substantially as described.

12. An electrical heater consisting of a heating-conductor in the form of a volute spiral and a casing of cast metal having a tubular extension, the heating-conductor having terminals passing through said extension, substantially as described.

13. An electrical heater consisting ot' an insulated conductor and a metal casing therefor With raised edge, substantially as described.

14. An electrical heater consisting of an insulated conductor and a casing therefor with raised edge, in combination with a vessel fitting the same, substantially as described.

15. The combination of an electrical heater, the casing of which has an extension, through which pass the supply-conductors, and Which heater is adapted to support a vessel directly thereon, and an inclosing vessel therefor, substantially as described.

16. Thecombination,Withaninclosingoven or vessel and an electrical heater therein, of a cover for the oven and an escape-valve in said cover, substantially as described.

17. An electrical heater consisting of a heating-conductor, and a easing having an extension which forms a support for the heater, in combination with an inclosing vessel or oven, substantially as described.

1S. An electrical heater consisting of a heating-conductor, and a casing having an extension Which forms a support for the heater, in combination with an inclosing oven, a Washer or packing forming a Water-tight joint, and means for holding the heater in place, substantially as described.

19. An electrical heater consisting of a conductor, an insulating-strip therefor, and a spacing-strip, said conductor and strips being in the form of a volute or flat spiral, substantially as described.

20. An electrical heater consisting of a conductor, an insulating-strip therefor, and a heat -conducting strip, said conductor and strips being in the form of a volute or iiat spiral, substantially as described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 15th day of October, 1890.

Jol-1N v. CPEK.

Witnesses:

CHARLES M. CATLIN, E. COURAN. 

